Corriente Cattle

Corriente cattle are a type of livestock commonly used in sports like rodeo events, including roping and bulldogging.

Some farmers also choose to raise them as beef cattle, although they are not bred for large-scale meat production.

This breed traces its origins to Spanish cattle brought to the Americas by explorers and settlers in the late 1400s and early 1500s. The name “corriente,” meaning “common” or “ordinary” in Spanish, reflects their widespread use during early colonial times.

Over the centuries, these animals adapted to harsh environments, becoming incredibly hardy and resistant to diseases. As larger breeds took over for beef production, their popularity declined in that sector, but they remained essential for ranch work and rodeo sports.

Today, they are primarily raised in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central America, where their resilience makes them well-suited for tough landscapes.

This breed is considered rare and is listed as threatened.

Conservation efforts led by breeders and organizations aim to preserve their population, as they continue to be valued for their versatility in sustainable grazing and sport.

Characteristics

Colors

Corriente cattle come in a variety of colors, including solid shades such as black, brown, red, and white, as well as spotted or brindled patterns. Their coats are short and smooth.

Skin

Their skin is thick, tough, and pigmented.

Head

The head of this breed is relatively small and proportional to its body. It has a broad forehead and a straight or slightly convex profile.

Horns

Corriente cattle are horned.

Their horns are strong, long, and curved. Starting near the tips of the ears, the horns curve forward or upward.

By 12 months, a bull’s horns generally reach a minimum of 6 inches (15 cm) in length and 6 inches (15 cm) in base circumference, with most measuring closer to 7 to 8 inches (18 to 20 cm).

The majority of those who raise these cattle choose to dehorn them to minimize the risk of injuries, both among the animals themselves and to reduce dangers when handling them.

Face

The face is narrow and expressive, often with dark, intelligent eyes. The muzzle is dark, and the nostrils are wide.

Neck

The neck is muscular and relatively short, connecting the head firmly to the shoulders. It is strong enough to support their active movement.

Shoulders

These cattle have well-defined shoulders that are strong but not overly bulky.

Body

The body is compact and lean, with minimal fat. It has a sturdy frame, a straight and strong back, and well-sprung ribs.

Legs and Hooves

The legs are long, strong, and well-placed, while their hooves are hard, durable, and well-suited for rough terrain.

Udder, Sheath, Tail

Cows have clean, well-formed udders with small to moderate-sized teats, while bulls feature a tight sheath.

A high, bushy tail switch and a prominent mane are distinctive traits of the breed.

Size

Corriente cattle are small in size.

Their height at the shoulder can range from 3 to 4 feet (90 to 120 cm).

Lifespan

They have a lifespan that ranges between 18 to 23 years.

These cattle can live relatively long lives compared to other breeds.

Growth Rate

How fast do they grow?

This breed has a slow to moderate growth rate.

The average daily gain of these cattle can range between 0.5 to 1.5 lbs (0.23 to 0.68 kg), depending on diet and environment.

Their growth is better suited to survival in harsh conditions rather than rapid weight gain.

Weight

The adult weight of Corriente cattle can range from 600 to 1,000 lbs (272 to 454 kg), with males averaging around 1,000 lbs (454 kg) and females about 800 lbs (363 kg).

Slaughtered Time

They can be slaughtered at 24 to 36 months of age if raised for meat.

Due to their slower growth rate and lean build, they take longer to reach a desirable slaughter weight compared to commercial beef breeds.

Farmers and ranchers who raise them state that their meat remains tender and flavorful even when slaughtered later than other breeds. Some have even reported slaughtering Corriente cattle at over 10 years old, with the meat still maintaining its tenderness.

Temperament

These cattle are known for their moderate temperament, but they are far from being completely gentle, and it’s important to handle them with care and respect.

While they are easier to work with than some other breeds, their athletic nature and horns can pose serious risks if boundaries are not maintained. It’s always recommended to keep a safe distance when working with them.

In pasture, these cattle are easier to handle and adapt well to training.

They have strong grazing instincts, efficiently utilizing pastureland and thriving even in challenging environments.

These cattle are naturally inclined to stay close to their herd, with bulls tending to keep the group gathered together, reducing their tendency to wander.

However, they are known for being skilled jumpers and are sometimes referred to as “escape artists,” often attempting to clear fences if given the chance.

In rodeo sports, Corriente steers are consistent performers. They quickly learn tasks like roping and dogging, requiring only minimal and gentle training to become dependable.

Unlike some other breeds, they are less likely to “sour” from repeated use, making them reliable and willing participants in the arena.

Meat

The number one quality of Corriente meat is its leanness.

Studies comparing their meat to Certified Angus meat show that it delivers equal or superior taste, tenderness, and aroma.

Notably, the meat contains only about 50% of the fat found in traditional beef breeds, thanks to the predominance of red muscle fibers. These fibers allow the meat to marble in a shorter feeding period compared to breeds with white muscle fibers.

Even older cattle, after years of working in the arena, can be efficiently fed out to produce high-quality and profitable beef.

Internationally, Corriente meat has been recognized for its inclusion in the “Ark of Taste” of the Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity.

This honor showcases its great flavor, heritage appeal, and sustainable qualities, sparking increased interest among discerning chefs and consumers.

Milk

These cattle are not used for milk production and are primarily considered a beef breed.

However, like any other cattle, they can produce milk. Their daily milk yield is modest, averaging around 1 to 2 gallons (4 to 8 liters).

In addition to their low milk production, they lack the ideal temperament for milking, making them less suitable for dairy purposes.

Raising

Feeding

You only need to feed these cattle grass and hay during seasons of low availability.

As natural foragers, they eat plants that other cattle often avoid and make efficient use of pastureland. They instinctively search for quality feed or water without relying heavily on human intervention.

They are highly valued for their role in sustainable grazing practices on farms. This breed contributes to sustainable agriculture, ensuring productive land use while promoting the long-term health of ecosystems.

These cattle require only 1/2 to 3/4 of the feed and pasture needed to sustain ordinary beef cattle.

They do not perform well on grain-based diets and instead need time and access to grass to produce their signature lean meat. Unlike traditional beef breeds, Corrientes won’t stand in feedlots to gain fat.

Environment

The ideal environment for raising these cattle is a year-round pasture. They thrive in open spaces and value their freedom.

If they are kept in restrictive conditions, their behavior may change, becoming more uncooperative or slightly aggressive.

Climate

They can easily adjust to different terrains and extreme weather conditions. They grow thick winter coats when needed and can thrive in a variety of climates.

Shelter

They do need shelters, though not elaborate ones. A simple roofed structure can provide protection from extreme weather conditions such as heavy snow, strong winds, or intense heat.

In addition to shelter, sturdy fencing is essential, as these cattle have an impressive ability to jump. Proper fencing ensures their safety and keeps them securely contained within their designated pasture.

How many cattle per acre?

On average, each Corriente cow needs about 2 to 4 acres of grazing land, depending on the quality of the pasture, climate, and forage availability.

In areas with lush, nutrient-rich grass, they may require closer to 2 acres per cow, while in arid or less fertile regions, they might need up to 4-5 acres

Breeding

This breed reaches sexual maturity at around 12 to 14 months of age, but heifers are usually bred for the first time when they are around 2 years old.

This allows them to grow and develop fully before their first calving, ensuring better health for both the mother and calf.

Conception rates among herds of these animals are high, with rates upwards of 95%, and similar success rates are observed for live births and weaning.

The cows are known for breeding back easily, even after calving, due to their ability to handle minimal stress during birth.

Their reproductive lifespan is impressive, with many continuing to produce calves well into their 20s. It’s not uncommon for a 20-year-old cow of this breed to have weaned 19 calves over her lifetime.

The estrous cycle lasts about 18 to 21 days, similar to other cattle breeds. Bulls are usually introduced during this time to maximize conception. Their natural fertility and strong breeding instincts ensure a reliable and consistent calving schedule.

The gestation period is approximately 283 days (around 9 months). Calving is incredibly low-maintenance, with problems being virtually non-existent. Even first-calf heifers require no special care or assistance during labor, making the process stress-free for breeders.

Calves are born small, weighing between 35 to 45 lbs (16 to 20 kg), which contributes to their ease of calving.

The calves are hardy, active, and alert from birth, with strong survival instincts. Mothers are attentive and protective, always claiming their calves and keeping them close, even in rugged or challenging terrain.

Average weaning weights range from 225 to 350 lbs (102 to 159 kg).

The weaning process tends to be less stressful and involves fewer health issues compared to larger, less hardy beef breeds.

Corriente cows are good mothers, known for their careful, protective nature. They maintain an unusual awareness of their calves’ location, even during long drives in rough environments.

As for Corriente bulls, they can sire offspring as early as 12 months of age, with some breeders successfully using yearling bulls to breed up to 50 females.

Mature bulls are typically bred to 50 cows and can even handle up to 70 cows during a three-month breeding season.

They are a good choice for breeding with first-calf heifers of beef breeds, as they ensure calving ease, produce vigorous, marketable calves, and help maintain healthy, stress-free dams.

Although crossbred calves may weigh slightly less than others raised on the same ranch, they compensate for this with high weaning rates and healthier mothers.

Health Issues

These cattle are known for their hardiness and overall good health. They have strong immune systems, which makes them resistant to many common cattle diseases.

Why should you raise it?

If you’re a homesteader or small farmer, Corriente cattle can be a good choice if you’re looking for a low-maintenance breed and aren’t focused on high meat yields.

These cattle are easy to care for, requiring only a grazing area, access to water, and a simple shelter. However, you should be prepared for a challenge, as they are not the most cooperative beef cattle.

These cattle are known for their agility and ability to jump, which means they can easily escape if fencing isn’t secure and high enough.

They also don’t do well in restrictive environments, which can make handling them more difficult. If you’re not ready to take on these challenges, you may want to consider other small or medium-sized beef breeds, such as Galloway, which are generally easier to manage.

When it comes to business, they may not be the best option. Their smaller size and lower meat yield make them less profitable for large-scale beef production.

They are better suited for sustainable grazing, rodeo sports, or niche markets where their lean meat and unique qualities are appreciated.

Advantages

• Hardiness
• Low maintenance
• Efficient foragers
• Good fertility and maternal instincts
• Ease of calving
• Longevity
• Lean meat
• Versatility: They are great for rodeo sports, sustainable grazing, and small-scale meat production.

Disadvantages

• Lower weight and smaller size
• Slow growth rate
• Agile and great jumpers
• Not ideal for grain finishing
• Challenging behaviour
• A small niche market for their meat